WORK MEASUREMENT
WORK MEASUREMENT
Work measurement
is also called by the name ‘time study’. Work measurement is absolutely
essential for both the planning and control of operations. Without measurement
data, we cannot determine the capacity of facilities or it is not possible to
quote delivery dates or costs. We are not in a position to determine the rate
of production and also labor utilization and efficiency. It may not be possible
to introduce incentive schemes and standard costs for budget control.
Objectives of
Work Measurement
1. Comparing
alternative methods.
2. Assessing the
correct initial manning (manpower requirement planning).
3. Planning and
control.
4. Realistic
costing.
5. Financial
incentive schemes.
6. Delivery date
of goods.
7. Cost
reduction and cost control.
8. Identifying
substandard workers.
9. Training new
employees.
Work sampling
A work measurement technique that involves
defining the state of ‘working,’ observing the job over time, and computing the
portion of time the worker is ‘working’. A technique in which a large number of
observations are made over a period of time of one or group of machines,
processes or workers. Each observation records what is happening at that
instant and the percentage of observations recorded for a particular activity,
or delay, is a measure of the percentage of time during which that activities
delay occurs.
Industrial safety
Industrial
Safety department is responsible for managing activities aimed at safe and
healthy labor conditions at the plant, prevention of accidents, limiting
personnel exposure to radiation, and control of environmental effects.
Value analysis
Value analysis
is concerned with the costs added due to inefficient or unnecessary
specifications and features. It makes its contribution in the last stage of
product cycle, namely, the maturity stage. At this stage, research and
development no longer make positive contributions in terms of improving the
efficiency of the functions of the product or adding new functions to it.
It can be
measured only by comparison with other products which perform the same
function. Value is the relationship between what someone wants and what he is
willing to pay for it.
Steps in Value
Analysis
1. Identifying
the function:
Any useful product has some primary function which must be identified—a bulb to
give light, a refrigerator to preserve food, etc. In addition it may have
secondary functions such as withstanding shock, etc. These two must be
identified.
2. Evaluation
of the function by comparison: Value being a relative term, the comparison
approach must be used to evaluate functions. The basic question is, ‘Does the
function accomplish reliability at the best cost’ and can be answered only
comparison.
3. Develop
alternatives: Realistic
situations must be faced, objections should overcome and effective engineering
manufacturing and other alternatives must be developed.
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